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The Timer Modules-Timer2

The third and last timer module of the PIC 16F88 is the Timer2 module. This module is originated to work along with the PWM module of the PIC. It can be used of course as a timer as well. It is an 8-bit counter, and has a programmable prescaler and postscaler. It has only one input source, the internal instruction clock (device oscillator/4). Timer2 module is equipped also with a Period Register.




Setting up and accessing the Timer2 module

The Timer2 value register is located in the first BANK (BANK0) and is named TMR2. This module will be turned off after Sleep operation. To set up and control the Timer1 module, you need to access the T2CON register located also in BANK0. The bits of this register are explained bellow:



T2CON register BITS <6:3> (TOUTPS):

These 4 bits are the "Timer2 Output Postscale Select bits". They control the postscaler division rate:

  • 0000: 1:1 division
  • 0001: 1:2 division
  • 0010: 1:3 division
  • 0011: 1:4 division
  • 0100: 1:5 division
  • 0101: 1:6 division
  • 0110: 1:7 division
  • 0111: 1:8 division
  • 1000: 1:9 division
  • 1001: 1:10 division
  • 1010: 1:11 division
  • 1011: 1:12 division
  • 1100: 1:13 division
  • 1101: 1:14 division
  • 1110: 1:15 division
  • 1111: 1:16 division


T2CON register BITS <2> (TMR2ON):

This bit is named "Timer2 On bit". The Timer2 module can be turned on and off through this bit:

  • 0: Timer2 is off
  • 1: Timer2 is on


T2CON register BITS <1:0> (T2CKPS):

These 2 bits are the "Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits". They control the prescaler division rate:

  • 00: 1:1 division
  • 01: 1:4 division
  • 1x: 1:16 division



The Timer2 Period Register (PR2)

The Timer2 module is equipped with a period register. This register is named "PR2" and is located in BANK1. The TMR2 register is increased, until it is matched to the PR2 register. When this happens, on the next increament cycle, the TMR2 register will be cleared and the count will restart from 0x00. The PR2 register is both readable and writable. It is located BEFORE the postscaler, which you must take into account when setting the value. The postscaler division is NOT taken into account when comparing the PR2 to the TMR2 register!




The Timer2 Interrupt

The Timer2 module has an 8-bit register for the counts, the TMR2 register. This means that it can count up to 255. If the TMR2 value is 255 (0xFF) and it is increased once more, it will become 0 (0x00) and the TMR2 interrupt shall be raised. The Timer2 interrupt can be controlled by the PIE1 register bit 1 (TMR2IE: TMR2 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit). When the Timer2 Interrupt is raised, the PIR1 bit 1 (TMR2IF: TMR2 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit) is raised to indicate that the TMR2 interrupt is occurred. The TMR2IF must be cleared in software (BCF PIR1,TMR2IF) for the TMR2 interrupt to be re-enabled. More info about the PIC Interrupts can be found in this link.




Examples with the Timer2 Module

For the sake of understanding, find below some examples on how to setup the Timer2 module.



Example 1 - Set Timer2 module to raise the Timer2 interrupt every 65536 instruction cycles


          MOVLW b'01111011'     ;
          MOVWF T2CON           ; Prescaler = 1:16 | Postscaler = 1:16 | Stop Timer2
          BANK1                 ; Go to BANK 1
          MOVLW 0xFF            ;
          MOVWF PR2             ; Set PR2 register to 0xFF
          BANK0                 ; Go to BANK 0
          BSF T2CON,TMR2ON      ; Start Timer2










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  • At 23 November 2014, 7:31:23 user Giorgos Lazaridis wrote:   [reply @ Giorgos Lazaridis]
    • @Fung If i understand the question correct - no it won't. But one interrupt may delay if it happens when the PIC runs the ISR at that time


  • At 22 November 2014, 15:42:10 user Fung wrote:   [reply @ Fung]
    • In my program for 16F628A I use all 3 timers (TMR0, TMR1 and TMR2), the interrupt frequency of these three timers are 5kHz, 4Hz and 4.16kHz respectively. TMR0 is used for MUX display, TMR1 for clock and TMR2 for piezo output.

      I write the interrupt actions in individual if-statement blocks in interrupt function, i.e.:
      if(TMR0IF){
      //clear flag and do something to update display
      }

      if(TMR1IF){
      //clear flag and do something for clock
      }

      if(TMR2IF){
      //clear flag and do something for piezo
      }

      If I change the interrupt frequency of TMR2 for example, would it affect the others (especially TMR1)?


  • At 28 March 2011, 19:22:55 user Kammenos wrote:   [reply @ Kammenos]
    • @aaron go to the nect pages then :D i have more


  • At 28 March 2011, 18:55:20 user aaron wrote:   [reply @ aaron]
    • to the author, well done Sir.
      but as someone new to PIC, if i like to design something, where i should go next? only led blinking procedure was mentioned here.


  • At 1 December 2010, 19:00:41 user Luis Lugo wrote:   [reply @ Luis Lugo]
    • Simply Excellent job, all the stuff are very well linked.

      I read your book this morning, it covers nicely all the topics until now, don't drop it.

      Best Regards.


  • At 28 November 2010, 13:59:47 user vishy wrote:   [reply @ vishy]
    • thaaaaaaaaaaanks very much!
      i hope can learning assemble for pic!
      you site is really good! and cant be better!
     






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  • Section 1: Beginner's theory
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  • The Basic Special Function Registers
  • The Status Register
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  • The TRIS and PORT registers
  • Beginner's PIC Tutorials
  • How to use our PIC Tutorials
  • A Pushbutton turning an LED on and off
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  • Interface Multiple 7seg Digits
  • A 3-digits Decimal Counter
  • A Clever Button
  • Section 2: Intermediate theory
  • Instruction Cycle Duration and Calculated Delays
  • The Timer Modules - Timer0
  • The Timer Modules - Timer1
  • The Timer Modules-Timer2



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